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PHOTO - ALBUM | | | | << back | | |
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Moscow machine-building plant " Skorost (Speed)" named after A.S.Yakovlev. The plant was created on the basis of " light aviation group" headed by A.S. Yakovlev. In 1934 the group splitted from Moscow aviation plant ¹ 39 after V.R.Menzhinski. A variety of trends were typical for the Design Bureau , namely: light airplanes (since 1927), combat airplanes (since 1939), helicopters (1945-60) and dropping airplanes (1948-49 ãã.) .Light airplanes Yakovlev's activity in aircraft building began when he developed the two-seat aerobatic biplane AIR-1. The AIR-2 ("Pioneer) had slightly differed. All the rest airplanes (except the Yak-126) were monoplanes that were more suitable for increase of flight speed. The Design Bureau developed a two-seat lowplane where the seat arrangement was seat-by-seat/tandem. This seats arrangement starting with UT-2 became typical in the USSR. Later based on the UT-2 design mass production of the Yak-18, (1946), Yak-18U (1951) and (1953) began. Flight crews were trained using the airplanes of UT-2 and Yak-18 families for more than 25 years. The Yak-52 (1974) had the same design and was widely used in aviation schools. Mass trainer Yak-11 was built on the basis of the Yak-3 fighter. Also trainers are: the UT-3 (1938) and Yak-200 (1953) bombers as well as the first training jet Yak-30 (1960). Based on two-seat trainers' design or independently, starting with 1936, one-seat aerobatic airplanes like Yak-5 (1944), Yak-32 (1961), Yak-53 (1981) were built. The third group of the Yak-family airplanes consists of four-seat multipurpose airplanes like communication, passenger, ambulance, aerobatic, trainers etc. Military airplanes The first military airplane was a two-engined ¹22 (1939). In May, 1939 the DB participated in the competition of designs for fighters and as a result in January,1940. the I-26 (series number Yak-1) was built. Its modifications were: the Yak-7 (1940), Yak -9 Yak-3 (1943) and 30 modifications more. The flight tests commenced on April 24, 1946 on one and the same day as Mig-9. These were the first Soviet airplanes with turbojet engines, that laid basis for aviation transfer from the prop to the jet engines. The Yak-15 was the first jetplane of domestic military aviation. The Yak-15's derivatives were jet fighters as the Yak-17 (1946) and the Yak-23 (1947). Among experimental jet fighters of the first generation we can name the Yak-19 (1947), where an afterburner chamber was used, and the Yak-50 (1947), having the highest speed among the Soviet airplanes that is -1170 km/h. The next stage of the DB activity was creation of the Yak-25 - the first interceptor with two engines under wing. The same design had the Yak-27 (1956), reconnaissance airplanes; high altitude airplanes, the Yak-25PV (1959), the family of supersonic combat airplanes Yak-28 (1958). Starting with the 60th the DB began building of VTOLs. The first domestic VTOL was an experimental Yak-36 (1963). The airplane was put into series production and aircraft-carriers like "Kiev" were armed with it. Since 1980 the DB has been designing and producing of the unmanned a/c with piston engines and pushing propellers for reconnaissance and surveillance and transmission of video- and other information at real time. Dropping gliders and helicopters In 1948 the DB created the first glider - Yak-14, it was put into series production. The experimental helicopter Yak, being tested in 1947 was the first DB's creation in the area of helicopter-building, which gave rise to the production of two-rotor co-axial helicopters in the USSR. The next helicopter, Yak-100 (1948) was a one-propeller design with a main rotor. It was successfully tested but was not put into series production (It was Mi-1 of Mill DB that was put into series production). The Yak-24 "The Flying Vagon" that was the largest in the world in 1952-57. Passenger airplanes The first specialized passenger airplane of the DB was a six-seat airplane with two engines ¹19 (Ya-19, 1939) that was created on the basis of the UT-3, bomber. The series four-seat headquarters airplane Yak-6 (1942) was also the basis for creation of a six-seat passenger Yak-8 (1944). In 1947 the Yak-16 with capacity of 10 passengers was successfully tested. All these airplanes were destined as comparatively short distance airplanes. Their design is extremely light, simple and easy in service. These design features are also typical for Yak-40 (1966)-the first passenger jet of the DB, which was designed for domestic flights as a comfortable and speedy jetplane. The 120-seat Yak-42 (1975) with three turbojet engines had the same design and was destined for short range and domestic flights.Since 1934, when the Yak airplanes were put into series production, they became numerous in production and in operation. All in all 70 000 airplanes have been built with more than 100 types and modifications. | | | |
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