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Moscow Ilyushin Aviation Complex. The history of the plant goes back to 1933, when a Central Design Bureau was found at the Moscow Aviation Plant #39, named after Menzhinski. The Design Bureau had a section for designing a long-range bomber, the section was headed by S.V.Ilyushin. In 1935 this section got the status of Design Bureau having four main branches: designing of bombers, fighters transport and cargo airplanes. The Design Bureau history commenced with designing of a long-range bomber. Its production version TsKB-26 was later modified into TsKB-30 and launched (as DB-3) into series production in 1936. The Il-4 (a new name of the latest modification, given in 1942) came to be the essential long-range bomber used in the Great Patriotic War. It was provided with three ShKAS machineguns. The torpedocarier Il-4T was also of DB design. Creation of the bomber like DB-3 and SB was a transition from bulk (30 tons and more) and huge (wing area more than 400square meters) with low flight speed (180-210 km/h) to speedy maneuvering bombers (take-off weight of 6-9 tons, wing area 52-68 square meters, flight speed more than 400 km/h) The maneuverability of the Il-4 was determined by its capability to perform the most complicated maneuver like " dead loop". The Il-22-an experimental jet bomber with four turbojet engines (TJE). The Il-28- a combat jet bomber with two (TJE). The Il-46- a jet bomber with two (TJE), differed from the Il-28 in design and arrangement. The second branch of the design activity was development of the assault airplanes with powerful attack and defense armament as well as armament of the essential airplane parts. The Il-2 is an armoured assault airplane, flying at low altitude to support on-ground troops. Ilyushin stood for powerful defense and armoured protection of all combat airplanes. That is why theIl-2 had a cockpit adjusted for a shooter. The military application of the Il-2 during the first days of the war proved the correctness of his concept of an airplane thorough protection. In a short period of time the two-seat Il-2 was put into production. The Il-2 had the following equipment: two machineguns like ShKAS and two guns like ShVAK or VYa orNS-37 on the wing, one machinegun UB, bombs (400-600 kg ) jet projectiles (eight PS-82 or four PS-132). The IL-10 being more maneuvering and speedy also participated in combat actions. Within the given class of airplanes the DB also designed such heavy assault airplanes as the Il-8, Il-20 and the speedy maneuvering assault Il-16. In 1952 the DB started creation of the assault airplane Il-40; in 1982 an experimental jet assault fighter Il-102. The third branch is passenger airplanes. Designing of a passenger airplanes began during the last years of the war and its aim was creation of mass civil airplane instead of old-dated Li-2. The Il-12 is a passenger aircraft with two piston engines. This airplane gave rise to a new orientation in the DB activity, and in the scale of the state- to mass airtransportation . The Il-14 is a passenger airplane with two piston engines. TheIl-18 is a medium range passenger airplane with four TJE, one of the first soviet airplane with gas turbine engines. The Il-62 is along-range passenger airplane with four TJE. The Il-62M is an updated modification of the Il-62 with four TJE. The Il-86 is a wide-body passenger airplane with four turbojet engines. The Il-114 is a passenger airplane with two turboprop engines. The Il-114 is also designed for operation in Arctic and Antarctic.The fourth branch of the DB's activity - development of transport (cargo) airplanes-started with the Il-12D, dropping airplane and transport Il-12T and Il-14T, which are modifications of passenger Il-12 and Il-14 versions. In 1949the DB created the first cargo glider-the Il-32 with payload of 7 tons. The Il-76 a transport airplane and its cargo modification the Il-76T with four turbojet engines are destined for long- and medium-range cargo transportation. Most of the Il airplanes were built in mass series. All in all more than 60 samples were built. | | | |
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